Li Z, Peng RY, Wang SM, Wang LF, Gao YB, Ji D, et al. 2004;23:20114. To determine the specific dose-effect relationship between microwave radiation and its biological effects, more intensive studies must be performed. 2002;13:11921. After exposure, the levels of 2 waves in the hypothalamus increased more than those in the cortex, leading to a significant reduction in the deviation of the two EGGs. Aydin D, Feychting M, Schz J, Andersen TV, Poulsen AH, Prochazka M, et al. The authors detected the EEG within the frequency bands of 0.530.0Hz for 5 consecutive days. Is nuclear respiratory factor 2 a master transcriptional coordinator for all ten nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits in neurons? Sci Total Environ. The mechanism by which microwave radiation decreases glucose, resulting in impaired learning and memory in rats, may be related to an increase in the synthesis and release of acetylcholine in the hippocampus. However, other reports have indicated that unlike ionizing radiation, the microwave radiation produced by mobile phones does not possess sufficient energy to directly damage DNA. One of the bad impacts a microwave has on humans, is that some of the acids in the food people put in the microwave, gets transformed into a type of acid which turns poisonous. [58] exposed volunteers to microwaves at a frequency of 450MHz for 10 repeated intervals of 1min of irradiation and 1min off. Quantitation, regional vulnerability, and kinetic modeling of brain glucose metabolism in mild Alzheimers disease. Nicholson RM, Kusne Y, Nowak LA, LaFerla FM, Reiman EM, Valla J. Decreased synthesis of acetylcholine accompanying impaired oxidation of pyruvic acid in rat brain minces. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. To investigate whether exposure of rat brains to GMS microwaves induced DNA breaks and changes in gene expression, Belyaev et al. 2016;53:210011. Article To investigate the effects of 2.4GHz Wi-Fi radiation on multisensory integration in rats, a cross-modal visual-tactile object recognition (CMOR) task was performed by four variations of the spontaneous object recognition (SOR) test including the standard SOR, tactile SOR, visual SOR, and CMOR tests. J Radiat Res (Tokyo). 2010;473:525. Microwave radiation can induce oxidative and nitrosative stress, which lead to hippocampal neuronal and non-neuronal apoptosis via the oxidative damage of cellular constituents (i.e., nucleic acids, proteins and lipids) and subsequent over expression of p53, which up-regulates Bax and down-regulates pro-caspase-3 and full-length/uncleaved poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) 1, eventually inducing neuronal degeneration via apoptosis [76]. Therefore, the central nervous system is considered one of the most sensitive organs that is targeted by microwave radiation [1, 2]. It has also been reported that acute exposure to continuous waves of 900MHz EMF or 900MHz waves that were modulated to an amplitude of 50Hz increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA fragmentation as a result of the hyperstimulation of glutamate receptors [73]. Biological Effects of Microwave Radiation - tandfonline.com The results suggested that chronic non-modulated, but not modulated, microwave radiation may cause anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and calcium- and NO-related biochemical changes in the brain [77]. Google Scholar. Microarray gene expression profiling of a human glioblastoma cell line exposed in vitro to a 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency field. Am J Epidemiol. The transduction of a nerve impulse and the postsynaptic potential produced by it result in synaptic transmission. Electromagnetic fields (EMF): do they play a role in children's environmental health (CEH)? Acetylcholine modulation of neural systems involved in learning and memory. Microwaves are widely used in broadcasting, communications and many industrial fields. Additionally, Larjabaara et al. 2015;148:150. Dendritic spines, which are small protrusions that extend from dendritic shafts, are also cellular compartments containing signaling molecules that are important for synaptic transmission and plasticity [88,89,90,91]. 2002;64:31353. Wang H, Peng R, Zhao L, Wang S, Gao Y, Wang L, et al. Brain tumour risk in relation to mobile telephone use: results of the INTERPHONE international case-control study. 2005;22:32931. [38] exposed Wistar rats to a 2.856GHz pulsed microwave field for 6min. More data are available regarding opinions on potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields [3]. The strength of the electric field (rms value) at the sample position was 10V/m. pability of the body (thus, a thermal effect), whereas the standard of the U.S.S.R. and Poland are based upon the interaction of the microwave fields with the brain and central nervous system as measured by neurological or behavior effects. While microwave oven radiation doesn't cause cancer, it can cause painful burns if you're exposed to them. 2008;86:718. In industrial fields, exposure is usually occupational, and its sources include the surgical and physiotherapeutic use of diathermy, dielectric heating (i.e., heating and vulcanization applications), microwave ovens, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) medical diagnostic equipment, radar, military and research microwave systems, electricity-supplying networks, and electricity-distributing and transmitting equipment [3]. Gage FH, Kelly P, Bjorklund A. 2003;80:177. Ito K, Hirao A, Arai F, Takubo K, Matsuoka S, Miyamoto K, et al. Google Scholar. Because the frequency of microwaves is sufficiently high that the energy is absorbed, the subsequent heating of tissue becomes its major mechanism, and most biochemical and physiological responses are temperature-dependent. Wang et al. The article's subject is the investigation of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of the microwave frequency band in a typical human living environment, especially in shielded areas. MicroRNAs: novel mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of microwave exposure on rats hippocampus. In the probe test, the exposed group could not locate the platform and exhibited a significantly higher mean latency (i.e., 3-fold higher) to reach the target quadrant, and they spent only half the time that the controls spent in the target quadrant. Previous studies have produced a large amount of information, and some progress has been made in theory, but the mechanisms have not yet been fully determined, and many points are still disputed. Cobb BL, Jauchem JR, Adair ER. 1992;6:379. frequency range from 1GHz to 10^6 GHz. Bioelectromagnetics. 2005;161:3314. Int J Radiat Biol. However, the problem with these studies is that different parameters, such as the frequency, modulation, and power density of the radiation and the irradiation time, were used to evaluate microwave radiation between studies. Modulation of HSP response in SH-SY5Y cells following exposure to microwaves of a mobile phone. Richter et al. J Clin Oncol. 2013;34:26474. Google Scholar. By using this website, you agree to our volume4, Articlenumber:29 (2017) Kan P, Simonsen SE, Lyon JL, Kestle JR. Cellular phone use and brain tumor: a meta-analysis. Interaction of Radiation with Matter - GSU One study reported by the Interphone study group [13] showed that there was no increase in the risk of glioma or meningioma in users of mobile phones. 2015;51:15865. In the population with occupational exposure, proper protective measures should be taken to avoid unnecessary harm. 1984;5:6370. It is widely accepted that protein synthesis occurs in neuronal dendrites and may be the cellular basis of learning and memory, during which local protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity are closely linked to the efficiency of communication between neurons. The normal function of synaptic vesicles depends on the normal expression of related proteins. 1992;49:1818. The effects of hyperthermia and hyperthermia plus microwaves on rat brain energy metabolism. Electromagnetic radiation can be absorbed by organisms, in which it causes a series of physiological and functional changes. 2009;4:e4389. Eastern J Med. Khurana VG, Teo C, Kundi M, Hardell L, Carlberg M. Cell phones and brain tumors: a review including the long-term epidemiologic data. 2003;140:147. Many recent studies have reported that microwaves exposure affects EEG results [54,55,56,57]. After 28days, the levels of Glu and Tau in the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid were lower, indicating that the cognitive damage induced by microwave radiation is associated with a decrease in Glu [66, 67]. 2005;438:18592. [65] irradiated Wistar rats with 10, 30 and 50mW/cm2 microwaves, and the results showed that in the cerebral cortex, only glycine (Gly) and asparagine (Asp) levels were increased. The results of EEG and analyses of the structure of the brain after radiation have also confirmed the influence of microwaves. Cite this article. Effect of mobile-phone radiation on Human health - SlideShare Radiat Res. Xu S, Ning W, Xu Z, Zhou S, Chiang H, Luo J. 2010;86:37683. All of the authors read and approved the final manuscript. 2011;343:5224. Sage C, Carpenter D, Hardell L. Comments on SCENIHR: opinion on potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields. CAS J Neuro. J Radiat Res (Tokyo). 2004;155:3743. Long term and excessive use of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation alter microRNA expression in brain. Chronic nonmodulated microwave radiations in mice produce anxiety-like and depression-like behaviours and calcium- and NO-related biochemical changes in the brain. fMicrowave Radiation Comes From Many Sources, Including: Cell phones. 1 of 41 Harmful effects of microwaves on living beings Oct. 04, 2015 4 likes 4,519 views Download Now Download to read offline Environment The presentation proves beyond any doubt, the harmful affects of microwaves and radio frequency waves on humans and other living beings Padmanabhan Krishnan Follow Dr. The largest problem in these studies is that they used different parameters, such as the frequency, modulation, power density and irradiation time, to apply microwave radiation, in addition to using a variety of research methods. Functional plasticity is affected in other ways, including the abnormal release and uptake of brain amino acids such as choline and monoamine neurotransmitters, a decrease in excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitudes and spikes in long-term potentiating (LTP) in the medial perforated pathway (MPP) in the dentate gyrus (DG) [27]. Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from 300MHz to 300GHz. California Privacy Statement, The potential mechanisms underlying these damaging effects range from gene expression alterations in the respiratory chain, membrane damage, Ca2+ overloading, and DNA impairment [122,123,124,125,126,127,128]. An increase in anxiety-related behaviors and a decrease in depression-related behavior were observed in both female and male offspring. Subsequently, significantly more DNA damage was observed in the exposed groups than in the sham group, and their study also indicated that oxidative stress and inflammation caused DNA damage in response to low-intensity microwave exposure. Choeiri C, Staines W, Miki T, Seino S, Messier C. Glucose transporter plasticity during memory processing. Caubet R, Pedarros-Caubet F, Chu M, Freye E, de Belem RM, Moreau J, et al. Int J Radiat Biol. Concurrently, the discovery that microwaves have positive biological effects has presented new challenges for research and applications in this field. 2003;14:2436. Bioelectromagnetics. 1975;148:1723. These conclusions are presented in Table2. Mol Neurobiol. 2006;79:13140. The role of microRNAs in cancer. CAS J Radiat Proc. This conclusion is consistent with the results of a previously reported study that showed that short-term exposure to microwave radiation can reduce reaction times and improve cognitive functions, attention and short-term memory capacity [28,29,30,31,32,33,34]. J Environ Health. Effects of electromagnetic fields emitted from W-CDMA-like mobile phones on sleep in humans. Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Effects of prenatal exposure to WIFI signal (2.45 GHz) on postnatal development and behavior in rat: influence of maternal restraint. Zhi, WJ., Wang, LF. Bioelectromagnetics. Kwon et al. Article Protein synthesis is necessary for dendritic spine proliferation in adult brain slices. Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Mailankot M. Spatial memory perfomance of wistar rats exposed to mobile phone. Megha et al. PubMed Central Cordless phone radiation effect flows in a human body same way in the mobile phone [13]. Shahin S, Banerjee S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. Among radar workers exposed to 1418GHz microwaves, the somatic symposium anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression were caused [19]. 1996;93:46938. These spines have been reported to share a close relationship with learning and memory abilities, and when protein synthesis in dendritic spines is blocked, new spine growth and the development of long spines are both decreased [91]. Frequency Fields (RF) and Microwave Radiation on human health" by the Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE) from 2001, with respect . Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in vivo and is characterized by a biochemical state that tends toward oxidization, including the formation of oxygen free radicals (i.e., ROS) and nitrogen radicals reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which play major roles in oxidation. Edelstyn N, Oldershaw A. 2014;70:84555. 2009;158:12639. Exposure to microwaves and silencing p-synapsin I reduced the release of GABA, and maximum reduction was achieved when both were combined, indicating a synergistic effect. Neuroreport. Richter ED, Berman T, Levy O. Reactive oxygen species levels and DNA fragmentation on astrocytes in primary culture after acute exposure to low intensity microwave electromagnetic field. Repeated Wi-Fi studies show that Wi-Fi causes oxidative stress, sperm/testicular damage, neuropsychiatric effects including EEG changes, apoptosis, cellular DNA damage, endocrine changes, and calcium overload. Microwave Radiation Effects on Humans - JSTOR Some studies have proposed that miRNAs play important roles in nerve regeneration, neurodegenerative diseases, and the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma and schizophrenia [93,94,95]. [83] found that long-term exposure to microwave radiation (typical mobile phone, at an SAR level range of 0.170.37W/kg for 3h daily for 8months, or wireless digital enhanced cordless telecommunications/telephone (DECT) base at an SAR level range of 0.0120.028W/kg for 8h/d for 8months) induced the synthesis of 143 proteins, including some neuronal function-associated proteins such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glial maturation factor (GMF), apolipo protein E, heat-shock protein, cytoskeletal proteins and some proteins that are associated with metabolism in the brain. found that long-term treatment with a low dose of microwave radiation reduced the activity and the number of excitatory synapses. This study also revealed the dose-dependent relationship of the modulated microwave effect: decreasing the SAR 100-fold reduced the associated changes in the EEG by three- to six-fold and decreased the number of affected subjects but did not completely eliminate the effects. Exp Neurobiol. However, these effects were not observed in radial arm maze tests. However, to date, with the exception of high-power microwave radiation, which has widely established hazardous effects, the biological effects of microwaves remain controversial. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61571455). Google Scholar. Alterations of cognitive function and 5-HT system in rats after long term microwave exposure. Raised glucose levels enhance scopolamine-induced acetylcholine overflow from the hippocampus: an in vivo microdialysis study in the rat. Rf and mw radiation hazards - SlideShare [72] found that 2.856GHz, 50mW/cm2 pulsed microwave radiation caused persistent spatial memory impairments, disordered neurotransmitters, and varying degrees of damage in the hippocampus and synapses.
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